OpenTTD-patches/docs/jgrpp-low-level-changes.md

JGR's Patchpack: Low level changes

This document describes low-level changes to the codebase which are not generally visible when actually running/playing the game, this is a non-exhaustive list.

This document does not describe the player-visible changes/additions described in the main readme.

Crash logger and diagnostics

• Additional logged items: current company ID, map size, configure invocation, thread name, recently executed commands, static NewGRFs.
• Additional logged platform-specific items: detailed OS version (Unix), signal details (Unix, Mac), exception record data (Windows).
• Better handling of crashes which occur in a non-main thread (ask the main thread to do the crash screenshot and savegame).
• Support logging register values on Unix and Mac.
• Support using libbfd for symbol lookup and line numbers (gcc/clang).
• Support using gdb/lldb if available to add further detail to the crashlog (Unix, Mac).
• Support using sigaction and sigaltstack for more information and correct handling of stack overflow crashes (Unix).
• Attempt to log stack overflow and heap corruption exceptions (Windows).
• Demangle C++ symbols (Unix).
• Attempt to handle crashes which occur within the crashlog handler, by skipping or only partially writing the faulting section.
• Emit a "crash" log, savegame and screenshot on multiplayer desync.
• Add crash/desync information to output screenshot and savegame files.
• Multiplayer server and client exchange desync logs after a desync occurs.
• Multiplayer clients send state hashes and random values since the last sync to the server after a desync, to identify which frame first diverged.
• Decrease sync frame period when desync occurs.

Assertions

• Various assertions are extended to log further information on failure.
• Various assertions which check the state of a tile are extended to dump the tile state (m1 - m8, etc.) on failure.

Scope annotations

• Scopes (in the main thread) can be annotated with a functor/lambda which is called in the event of a crash to provide further information to add to the crash log.

NewGRF debug window

• Add various supplementary non-GRF information, e.g. vehicle variables and flags.
• Add NewGRF sprite group dumping and related functionality.

Logging

• Add yapfdesync, linkgraph, sound, and command log levels.
• Extend desync and random logging.

Map

• Store tunnel start/end pairs in a pool, indexed in the start/end tiles.
• Set bit in map if level crossing is possibly occupied by a road vehicle.
• Cache inferred one-way state of road tiles.
• De-virtualise calls to AnimateTile().
• Cache animated tile speed.
• Cache whether water tiles have water for all neighbouring tiles.
• Improve performance of arctic snow line checks.

Viewport

• Cache bridge/tunnel start and ends.
• Cache station sign bounds.
• Split sprite sort regions when more than 60 sprites present.
• Reduce unnecessary region redraws when scrolling viewports.
• Reduce viewport invalidation region size of track reservation and signal state changes.
• Cache landscape background in map mode.
• Partial parallelisation of non-map mode viewport rendering.

Rendering

• Track dirty viewport areas seperately from general screen redraws, using a zoom-level dependant sized grid.
• Use a rectangle array for general screen redraws instead of a block grid.
• Add a dirty bit to windows and widgets, for redrawing entire windows or widgets.
• Clip drawing of window widgets which are not in the redraw area.
• Reduce unnecessary status bar and vehicle list window redraws.
• Filter out tile parts which are entirely outside the drawing area, within DrawTileProc handlers.
• Improve performance of drawing rail catenary.
• Cache which window types are currently shown.

Data structures

• Various data structures have been replaced with B-tree maps/sets (cpp-btree library), or robin-hood hash maps.
• Various lists have been replaced with vectors, or other data structures.
• Various deques and queues have been replaced with ring buffers.
• Remove mutexes from SmallStack, only used from the main thread.
• Add a third parameter p3, and an auxiliary data mechanism to DoCommand/CommandContainer.
• Add a free bitmap for pool slots.
• Maintain free list for text effect entries.
• Many fields have been widened.
• Change underlying data structures for ScriptList, create reverse mapping on demand instead of unconditionally.
• Split GoodsEntry structure.

Vehicles

• Cache the sprite_seq bounds.
• Index the order list in a vector.
• Observe the operation of the NewGRF when getting the vehicle image/sprite, and elide further calls to the NewGRF if it can be determined that the result will be the same.
• Update train/road vehicle image/sprite on demand (i.e. when on screen) when image is continuously updated by GRF.
• Add consist flag for the case where no vehicles in consist are on a slope.
• Add vehicle flag to mark the last vehicle in a consist with a visual effect.
• Index the vehicle list in per type arrays for use by CallVehicleTicks.
• Cache whether the vehicle should be drawn.
• Pre-compute engine refit capacity callbacks if possible.

Network/multiplayer

• Add supplementary information to find server UDP packets and reply in an extended format with more info/wider fields if detected.
• Paginate UDP packets longer than the MTU across multiple packets.
• Use larger "packets" where useful in TCP connections.
• Send vehicle caches from network server to clients to avoid desyncs caused by non-deterministic NewGRFs.
• Change network protocol to send server/join and rcon passwords in an encrypted form (key exchange) instead of in clear text.
• Encrypt the contents of rcon messages to the server and any responses.

Sprites/blitter

• Add a fast path to Blitter_32bppAnim::Draw.
• Replace sprite cache implementation.
• Only cache sprites at the currently required zoom levels instead of all of them.
• Add brightness adjusting modes to non-8bpp blitters.

Link graph

• Completely change link graph job scheduling to make the duration of a job and the number of jobs per thread instance variable according to the estimated size of the job.
• Various use of custom allocators, etc.
• Early abort link graph threads if abandoning/quitting the game.
• Various forms of caching and incremental updates to the link graph overlay.
• Change FlowStat from an RB-tree to a flat map with small-object optimisation.
• Change FlowStatMap from an RB-tree to a B-tree indexed vector.
• Change LinkGraph::EdgeMatrix to a sparse storage format.
• Replace MCF Dijkstra RB-tree with B-tree.
• Reduce performance issues when deleting stale links with refit to any cargo.
• Dynamically adjust accuracy parameters in MCF 1st pass to avoid computing large numbers of excessively small flows.

Pathfinder

• YAPF: Reduce need to scan open list queue when moving best node to closed list

Save and load

• Feature versioning, see readme and code.
• Extend gamelog to not truncate version strings.
• Save/load the map in a single chunk, such that it can be saved/loaded in one pass.
• Various other changes to savegame format and settings handling, see readme and code for details.
• Replace read/write accessors and buffering.
• Perform savegame decompression in a separate thread.
• Pre-filter SaveLoad descriptor arrays for current version/mode, for chunks with many objects.
• Support zstd compression for autosaves and network joins.

AI/GS

• AI/GS script additions.
• Add AI/GS method to get current day length.
• Add GS method to create river tiles.
• Add AI/GS methods related to road and tram types.
• Add workaround for performance issues when attempting to create a town when no town names are left.
• Fixup a GS otherwise inconsistent with day length.

NewGRF

• NewGRF specification additions.
• Add workaround for a known buggy NewGRF to avoid desync issues.
• Apply many optimisations to VarAction2 deterministic sprite groups.
• Avoid making callbacks which can be pre-determined to be unhandled, or which can be statically determined ahead of time.
• Avoid animating industry tiles which are not actually animated in the current layout.
• Setting the animation frame to its current value no longer triggers a redraw.
• Animation is not started if it can be determined that it would stop immediately.
• Avoid unnecessarily triggering or redrawing NewGRF houses.

SDL2

• Update whole window surface if >= 80% needs updating.
• Only pass a single rectangle to SDL_UpdateWindowSurfaceRects to prevent screen tearing.
• Allow using the hash key (#) as a hotkey.

Other performance improvements

• Use multiple threads for NewGRF scan MD5 calculations, on multi-CPU machines.
• Avoid redundant re-scans for AI and game script files.
• Avoid iterating vehicle list to release disaster vehicles if there are none.
• Avoid quadratic behaviour in updating station nearby lists in RecomputeCatchmentForAll.

Command line

• Add switch: -J, quit after N days.
• Add savegame feature versions to output of -q.

Configure/build

• Changes to gcc/clang detection and flags
• Changes to version detection and the format of the version string.
• Minor CMake changes.

Misc

• Use of __builtin_expect, byte-swap builtins, overflow builtins, and various bitmath builtins.
• Add various debug console commands.
• Cache font heights.
• Cache resolved names for stations, towns and industries.
• Change inheritance model of class Window to keep UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer happy.
• Various other misc changes and fixes to reduce UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer and ThreadSanitizer spam.
• Add a chicken bits setting, just in case.