================= Basics and Future ================= This article explains the basic coding guidelines that apply and put the development effort into perspective by explaining the difficulties of legacy code and the interaction/migration to new MVC-based code. It also explains guideline differences between new and legacy code. -------- PHP code -------- For PHP code the PSR1 and PSR2 Coding Standard apply. ------ Python ------ For Python code the Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) apply. See the `Python Developer's Guide `__ for detailed information. ------------ Architecture ------------ Documentation is available about our :doc:`architecture ` and used :doc:`components `. ----------------- Ideal Development ----------------- Our ideal OPNsense system looks like a standard FreeBSD system using our pluggable user interface for management, which supports both real users as "machine" users (REST). When developing we want the code to be clean and coded as DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) as possible and do not want to invent the wheel when not needed. The user interface should to be able to run as non-root user instead of root by restructuring the way commands are passed to the system (configd). ---------------------------- Reality: Overdue Maintenance ---------------------------- In reality we forked a system that went without code maintenance for a very long time and we needed to transition that into something more structured. One of the first things (on the programming part of the system) we did was build components around an existing framework (Phalcon) to create new modules, which could use validated configuration data (from the config.xml), supply a RESTful API and generate html output using standard templates (Volt). We created the configd system, which can generate system configuration and execute system calls using predefined templates. And then we started using those new components for our first newly designed modules (like the proxy and the traffic shaper). More information about the “to-be” architecture can be found in our :doc:`architecture ` documentation. --------- Strategy --------- Knowing we can’t change the world in a single day and having a lot of legacy to drag around with us, our strategy consists of three parts: **1)** Cleanup and maintenance Restructure old (legacy) code, basically all code in the src/www, src/etc/inc to make it better readable, easier to use and remove unused / unnecessary parts. By doing so we want to extend the lifetime of the old code a bit and make the transition in new code easier eventually. **2)** Detach Move system configuration calls to configd where possible, which gives the administrator the advantage of running those commands from the command line and helps removing the need for root user access in the future. The ipsec VICI implementation is one example of this stage. **3)** Moving on (re)build new parts, using our new modules, which provide a layered development system to automatically support api calls from other systems and xml based model templates to describe configuration data. *See also:* * :doc:`Hello World Module ` * :doc:`Howto use the API ` Our guidelines somewhat depend of the stage the code is in, when writing new code, all actions should use the api system for actually changing configuration and performing configuration tasks. They should, of course, use the normal PSR coding standards for php code and follow the python peps. When moving to the legacy part of the system, our goal is to stick as close to PSR1/2 as possible, knowing it will never be perfect.