diff --git a/authority/options.go b/authority/options.go
index a1238b1d..1c154577 100644
--- a/authority/options.go
+++ b/authority/options.go
@@ -163,6 +163,22 @@ func WithX509Signer(crt *x509.Certificate, s crypto.Signer) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithX509SignerFunc defines the function used to get the chain of certificates
+// and signer used when we sign X.509 certificates.
+func WithX509SignerFunc(fn func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error)) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		srv, err := cas.New(context.Background(), casapi.Options{
+			Type:              casapi.SoftCAS,
+			CertificateSigner: fn,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		a.x509CAService = srv
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // WithSSHUserSigner defines the signer used to sign SSH user certificates.
 func WithSSHUserSigner(s crypto.Signer) Option {
 	return func(a *Authority) error {
diff --git a/cas/apiv1/options.go b/cas/apiv1/options.go
index badad7fc..408c5f96 100644
--- a/cas/apiv1/options.go
+++ b/cas/apiv1/options.go
@@ -31,13 +31,18 @@ type Options struct {
 	// https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication.
 	CredentialsFile string `json:"credentialsFile,omitempty"`
 
-	// Certificate and signer are the issuer certificate, along with any other
-	// bundled certificates to be returned in the chain for consumers, and
+	// CertificateChain and Signer are the issuer certificate, along with any
+	// other bundled certificates to be returned in the chain for consumers, and
 	// signer used in SoftCAS. They are configured in ca.json crt and key
 	// properties.
 	CertificateChain []*x509.Certificate `json:"-"`
 	Signer           crypto.Signer       `json:"-"`
 
+	// CertificateSigner combines CertificateChain and Signer in a callback that
+	// returns the chain of certificate and signer used to sign X.509
+	// certificates in SoftCAS.
+	CertificateSigner func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error) `json:"-"`
+
 	// IsCreator is set to true when we're creating a certificate authority. It
 	// is used to skip some validations when initializing a
 	// CertificateAuthority. This option is used on SoftCAS and CloudCAS.
diff --git a/cas/softcas/softcas.go b/cas/softcas/softcas.go
index 8e67d016..2a97145b 100644
--- a/cas/softcas/softcas.go
+++ b/cas/softcas/softcas.go
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ var now = time.Now
 // SoftCAS implements a Certificate Authority Service using Golang or KMS
 // crypto. This is the default CAS used in step-ca.
 type SoftCAS struct {
-	CertificateChain []*x509.Certificate
-	Signer           crypto.Signer
-	KeyManager       kms.KeyManager
+	CertificateChain  []*x509.Certificate
+	Signer            crypto.Signer
+	CertificateSigner func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error)
+	KeyManager        kms.KeyManager
 }
 
 // New creates a new CertificateAuthorityService implementation using Golang or KMS
@@ -34,16 +35,17 @@ type SoftCAS struct {
 func New(ctx context.Context, opts apiv1.Options) (*SoftCAS, error) {
 	if !opts.IsCreator {
 		switch {
-		case len(opts.CertificateChain) == 0:
+		case len(opts.CertificateChain) == 0 && opts.CertificateSigner == nil:
 			return nil, errors.New("softCAS 'CertificateChain' cannot be nil")
-		case opts.Signer == nil:
+		case opts.Signer == nil && opts.CertificateSigner == nil:
 			return nil, errors.New("softCAS 'signer' cannot be nil")
 		}
 	}
 	return &SoftCAS{
-		CertificateChain: opts.CertificateChain,
-		Signer:           opts.Signer,
-		KeyManager:       opts.KeyManager,
+		CertificateChain:  opts.CertificateChain,
+		Signer:            opts.Signer,
+		CertificateSigner: opts.CertificateSigner,
+		KeyManager:        opts.KeyManager,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) CreateCertificate(req *apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest) (*apiv1
 	}
 
 	t := now()
+
 	// Provisioners can also set specific values.
 	if req.Template.NotBefore.IsZero() {
 		req.Template.NotBefore = t.Add(-1 * req.Backdate)
@@ -64,16 +67,21 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) CreateCertificate(req *apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest) (*apiv1
 	if req.Template.NotAfter.IsZero() {
 		req.Template.NotAfter = t.Add(req.Lifetime)
 	}
-	req.Template.Issuer = c.CertificateChain[0].Subject
 
-	cert, err := createCertificate(req.Template, c.CertificateChain[0], req.Template.PublicKey, c.Signer)
+	chain, signer, err := c.getCertSigner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Template.Issuer = chain[0].Subject
+
+	cert, err := createCertificate(req.Template, chain[0], req.Template.PublicKey, signer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
 		Certificate:      cert,
-		CertificateChain: c.CertificateChain,
+		CertificateChain: chain,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -89,16 +97,21 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) RenewCertificate(req *apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest) (*apiv1.R
 	t := now()
 	req.Template.NotBefore = t.Add(-1 * req.Backdate)
 	req.Template.NotAfter = t.Add(req.Lifetime)
-	req.Template.Issuer = c.CertificateChain[0].Subject
 
-	cert, err := createCertificate(req.Template, c.CertificateChain[0], req.Template.PublicKey, c.Signer)
+	chain, signer, err := c.getCertSigner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Template.Issuer = chain[0].Subject
+
+	cert, err := createCertificate(req.Template, chain[0], req.Template.PublicKey, signer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &apiv1.RenewCertificateResponse{
 		Certificate:      cert,
-		CertificateChain: c.CertificateChain,
+		CertificateChain: chain,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -106,9 +119,13 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) RenewCertificate(req *apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest) (*apiv1.R
 // operation is a no-op as the actual revoke will happen when we store the entry
 // in the db.
 func (c *SoftCAS) RevokeCertificate(req *apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest) (*apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse, error) {
+	chain, _, err := c.getCertSigner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	return &apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse{
 		Certificate:      req.Certificate,
-		CertificateChain: c.CertificateChain,
+		CertificateChain: chain,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +196,7 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) CreateCertificateAuthority(req *apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthori
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// initializeKeyManager initiazes the default key manager if was not given.
+// initializeKeyManager initializes the default key manager if was not given.
 func (c *SoftCAS) initializeKeyManager() (err error) {
 	if c.KeyManager == nil {
 		c.KeyManager, err = kms.New(context.Background(), kmsapi.Options{
@@ -189,6 +206,15 @@ func (c *SoftCAS) initializeKeyManager() (err error) {
 	return
 }
 
+// getCertSigner returns the certificate chain and signer to use.
+func (c *SoftCAS) getCertSigner() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error) {
+	if c.CertificateSigner != nil {
+		return c.CertificateSigner()
+	}
+	return c.CertificateChain, c.Signer, nil
+
+}
+
 // createKey uses the configured kms to create a key.
 func (c *SoftCAS) createKey(req *kmsapi.CreateKeyRequest) (*kmsapi.CreateKeyResponse, error) {
 	if err := c.initializeKeyManager(); err != nil {
diff --git a/cas/softcas/softcas_test.go b/cas/softcas/softcas_test.go
index 7d3add4f..b4f5b440 100644
--- a/cas/softcas/softcas_test.go
+++ b/cas/softcas/softcas_test.go
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ var (
 	testSignedTemplate             = mustSign(testTemplate, testIssuer, testNow, testNow.Add(24*time.Hour))
 	testSignedRootTemplate         = mustSign(testRootTemplate, testRootTemplate, testNow, testNow.Add(24*time.Hour))
 	testSignedIntermediateTemplate = mustSign(testIntermediateTemplate, testSignedRootTemplate, testNow, testNow.Add(24*time.Hour))
+	testCertificateSigner          = func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error) {
+		return []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer}, testSigner, nil
+	}
+	testFailCertificateSigner = func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error) {
+		return nil, nil, errTest
+	}
 )
 
 type signatureAlgorithmSigner struct {
@@ -186,6 +192,10 @@ func setTeeReader(t *testing.T, w *bytes.Buffer) {
 }
 
 func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	assertEqual := func(x, y interface{}) bool {
+		return reflect.DeepEqual(x, y) || fmt.Sprintf("%#v", x) == fmt.Sprintf("%#v", y)
+	}
+
 	type args struct {
 		ctx  context.Context
 		opts apiv1.Options
@@ -197,6 +207,7 @@ func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
 		{"ok", args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer}, Signer: testSigner}}, &SoftCAS{CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer}, Signer: testSigner}, false},
+		{"ok with callback", args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{CertificateSigner: testCertificateSigner}}, &SoftCAS{CertificateSigner: testCertificateSigner}, false},
 		{"fail no issuer", args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{Signer: testSigner}}, nil, true},
 		{"fail no signer", args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer}}}, nil, true},
 	}
@@ -207,7 +218,7 @@ func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("New() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 				return
 			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+			if !assertEqual(got, tt.want) {
 				t.Errorf("New() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
 			}
 		})
@@ -265,8 +276,9 @@ func TestSoftCAS_CreateCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	type fields struct {
-		Issuer *x509.Certificate
-		Signer crypto.Signer
+		Issuer            *x509.Certificate
+		Signer            crypto.Signer
+		CertificateSigner func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error)
 	}
 	type args struct {
 		req *apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest
@@ -278,43 +290,53 @@ func TestSoftCAS_CreateCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 		want    *apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
 			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok signature algorithm", fields{testIssuer, saSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok signature algorithm", fields{testIssuer, saSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
 			Template: &saTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok with notBefore", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok with notBefore", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
 			Template: &tmplNotBefore, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok with notBefore+notAfter", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok with notBefore+notAfter", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
 			Template: &tmplWithLifetime, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"fail template", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour}}, nil, true},
-		{"fail lifetime", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{Template: testTemplate}}, nil, true},
-		{"fail CreateCertificate", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok with callback", fields{nil, nil, testCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+		}}, &apiv1.CreateCertificateResponse{
+			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
+			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
+		}, false},
+		{"fail template", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail lifetime", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{Template: testTemplate}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail CreateCertificate", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
 			Template: &tmplNoSerial,
 			Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail with callback", fields{nil, nil, testFailCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
+			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+		}}, nil, true},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			c := &SoftCAS{
-				CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
-				Signer:           tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateChain:  []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
+				Signer:            tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateSigner: tt.fields.CertificateSigner,
 			}
 			got, err := c.CreateCertificate(tt.args.req)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
@@ -345,8 +367,9 @@ func TestSoftCAS_RenewCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	type fields struct {
-		Issuer *x509.Certificate
-		Signer crypto.Signer
+		Issuer            *x509.Certificate
+		Signer            crypto.Signer
+		CertificateSigner func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error)
 	}
 	type args struct {
 		req *apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest
@@ -358,30 +381,40 @@ func TestSoftCAS_RenewCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 		want    *apiv1.RenewCertificateResponse
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
+			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+		}}, &apiv1.RenewCertificateResponse{
+			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
+			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
+		}, false},
+		{"ok signature algorithm", fields{testIssuer, saSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
 			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.RenewCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok signature algorithm", fields{testIssuer, saSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok with callback", fields{nil, nil, testCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
 			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, &apiv1.RenewCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      testSignedTemplate,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"fail template", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour}}, nil, true},
-		{"fail lifetime", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{Template: testTemplate}}, nil, true},
-		{"fail CreateCertificate", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
+		{"fail template", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail lifetime", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{Template: testTemplate}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail CreateCertificate", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
 			Template: &tmplNoSerial,
 			Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
 		}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail with callback", fields{nil, nil, testFailCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.RenewCertificateRequest{
+			Template: testTemplate, Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+		}}, nil, true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			c := &SoftCAS{
-				CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
-				Signer:           tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateChain:  []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
+				Signer:            tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateSigner: tt.fields.CertificateSigner,
 			}
 			got, err := c.RenewCertificate(tt.args.req)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
@@ -397,8 +430,9 @@ func TestSoftCAS_RenewCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSoftCAS_RevokeCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	type fields struct {
-		Issuer *x509.Certificate
-		Signer crypto.Signer
+		Issuer            *x509.Certificate
+		Signer            crypto.Signer
+		CertificateSigner func() ([]*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer, error)
 	}
 	type args struct {
 		req *apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest
@@ -410,7 +444,7 @@ func TestSoftCAS_RevokeCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 		want    *apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
 			Certificate: &x509.Certificate{Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "fake"}},
 			Reason:      "test reason",
 			ReasonCode:  1,
@@ -418,23 +452,37 @@ func TestSoftCAS_RevokeCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 			Certificate:      &x509.Certificate{Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "fake"}},
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok no cert", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
+		{"ok no cert", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
 			Reason:     "test reason",
 			ReasonCode: 1,
 		}}, &apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      nil,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
-		{"ok empty", fields{testIssuer, testSigner}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{}}, &apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse{
+		{"ok empty", fields{testIssuer, testSigner, nil}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{}}, &apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse{
 			Certificate:      nil,
 			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
 		}, false},
+		{"ok with callback", fields{nil, nil, testCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
+			Certificate: &x509.Certificate{Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "fake"}},
+			Reason:      "test reason",
+			ReasonCode:  1,
+		}}, &apiv1.RevokeCertificateResponse{
+			Certificate:      &x509.Certificate{Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "fake"}},
+			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{testIssuer},
+		}, false},
+		{"fail with callback", fields{nil, nil, testFailCertificateSigner}, args{&apiv1.RevokeCertificateRequest{
+			Certificate: &x509.Certificate{Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "fake"}},
+			Reason:      "test reason",
+			ReasonCode:  1,
+		}}, nil, true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			c := &SoftCAS{
-				CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
-				Signer:           tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateChain:  []*x509.Certificate{tt.fields.Issuer},
+				Signer:            tt.fields.Signer,
+				CertificateSigner: tt.fields.CertificateSigner,
 			}
 			got, err := c.RevokeCertificate(tt.args.req)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
@@ -609,3 +657,56 @@ func TestSoftCAS_CreateCertificateAuthority(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSoftCAS_defaultKeyManager(t *testing.T) {
+	mockNow(t)
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok root", args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityRequest{
+			Type: apiv1.RootCA,
+			Template: &x509.Certificate{
+				Subject:               pkix.Name{CommonName: "Test Root CA"},
+				KeyUsage:              x509.KeyUsageCRLSign | x509.KeyUsageCertSign,
+				BasicConstraintsValid: true,
+				IsCA:                  true,
+				MaxPathLen:            1,
+				SerialNumber:          big.NewInt(1234),
+			},
+			Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+		}}, false},
+		{"ok intermediate", args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityRequest{
+			Type:     apiv1.IntermediateCA,
+			Template: testIntermediateTemplate,
+			Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+			Parent: &apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityResponse{
+				Certificate: testSignedRootTemplate,
+				Signer:      testSigner,
+			},
+		}}, false},
+		{"fail with default key manager", args{&apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityRequest{
+			Type:     apiv1.IntermediateCA,
+			Template: testIntermediateTemplate,
+			Lifetime: 24 * time.Hour,
+			Parent: &apiv1.CreateCertificateAuthorityResponse{
+				Certificate: testSignedRootTemplate,
+				Signer:      &badSigner{},
+			},
+		}}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := &SoftCAS{}
+			_, err := c.CreateCertificateAuthority(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("SoftCAS.CreateCertificateAuthority() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}